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Text and photos by Nick Baker, unless otherwise stated

 EcologyAsia 2008
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Four-ridged Toad
   

Photographed in swamp forest, Singapore.


Photographed in secondary forest, Singapore.
 

Family : BUFONIDAE
Species : Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
Size (snout to vent) :
Female 6.3 cm, Male 4.8 cm

References : H2, H3

This charming toad species inhabits the leaf litter of primary and secondary lowland forest, but is occasionally found in heavily altered habitats such as rubber and other plantations. Largey diurnal, it is more often heard than seen : its call is a dual-syllabic gentle rasping sound.

The dorsal surface and flanks are brownish-orange, and the ventral surface pale orange to whitish. The head is relatively small. The parotid gland is long and slender, starting from behind the eye and extending along most of the body.

The Four-ridged Toad occurs in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo.


The head is relatively small and flattened (above) and the body shape somewhat triangular (right).